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1.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 41(8): 666-670, 2022 08 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1840092

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Initially, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on children was unknown. Standard COVID-19 diagnosis is confirmed using real-time qPCR. Cycle threshold (Ct) values of RT-qPCR are inversely proportional to viral load and the test indirectly quantifies viral RNA copy numbers. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between epidemiology, clinical characteristics, severity of confirmed COVID-19 cases, and Ct values. METHODS: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. All children with COVID-19 under 18 years old admitted to the Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021, were included. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed using RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Median age of patients was 7 years. Ct values were estimated in 419 cases, median Ct value was 23.5 [interquartile range (IQR): 18.9-30.9]. Levels were significantly lower in symptomatic than asymptomatic patients (Ct: 22.1; IQR: 18.4-22.1), in children <2 years of age (Ct: 20.6; IQR: 17.3-27.3) and when sample collection was <4 days after symptom onset (Ct: 21.1; IQR: 18.1-27.5). In children >2 years of age, Ct values were significantly lower in symptomatic (Ct: 22.6; IQR: 18.7-29.3) than asymptomatic (Ct: 31.2; IQR: 24.5-33.3) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Children younger than 2 years with COVID-19 have lower values of Ct-as a proxy for higher viral load-than older children. Symptomatic children over 2 years of age had lower Ct values compared with asymptomatic children.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Adolescent , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19 Testing , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , Viral Load
2.
Front Med (Lausanne) ; 8: 755463, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1581296

ABSTRACT

SARS-CoV-2 variants with concerning characteristics have emerged since the end of 2020. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants was performed on a total of 4,851 samples from the capital city and 10 provinces of Argentina, during 51 epidemiological weeks (EWs) that covered the end of the first wave and the ongoing second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country (EW 44/2020 to EW 41/2021). The surveillance strategy was mainly based on Sanger sequencing of a Spike coding region that allows the identification of signature mutations associated with variants. In addition, whole-genome sequences were obtained from 637 samples. The main variants found were Gamma and Lambda, and to a lesser extent, Alpha, Zeta, and Epsilon, and more recently, Delta. Whereas, Gamma dominated in different regions of the country, both Gamma and Lambda prevailed in the most populated area, the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires. The lineages that circulated on the first wave were replaced by emergent variants in a term of a few weeks. At the end of the ongoing second wave, Delta began to be detected, replacing Gamma and Lambda. This scenario is consistent with the Latin American variant landscape, so far characterized by a concurrent increase in Delta circulation and a stabilization in the number of cases. The cost-effective surveillance protocol presented here allowed for a rapid response in a resource-limited setting, added information on the expansion of Lambda in South America, and contributed to the implementation of public health measures to control the disease spread in Argentina.

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